Dyslexia: What is it truly according to it's definition?
Dr. Kalie McCartin
Developmental and Neuro-Optometrist
Owner, Visual Processing Institute
Dyslexia, a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read and understand written language, has long been a topic of discussion and research. While it's often characterized as a difficulty with decoding words, there's more to the story.
The dyslexia definition involves visual processing deficiencies and since binocular vision dysfunction is present in over 30% of students, binocular vision dysfunction is more often a cause a switching letters, switching numbers, reversing letters, skipping words, skipping lines, poor reading comprehension, being a slow reading, being a bad test taker, and more.
The Neuroscience Behind Dyslexia
According to the Mayo Clinic, dyslexia stems from individual differences in the brain regions responsible for reading. This suggests that it's not merely a lack of effort or intelligence but a neurological condition. Genetic factors also play a significant role, as dyslexia often runs in families.
The Connection to Visual Processing
One of the lesser-known aspects of dyslexia is its connection to visual processing. Individuals with dyslexia often struggle with tasks that require visual acuity, such as reading or tracking objects. This is because reading is a complex process that involves multiple visual skills, including:
Eye tracking: The ability to move your eyes smoothly and accurately across a page.
Visual perception: The ability to interpret and understand what you see.
Visual memory: The ability to remember and recall visual information.
Think of reading as a high-performance athletic event. To excel, you need all your muscles working in harmony. If one muscle is weak or out of sync, it can significantly impact your overall performance. Similarly, if one or more of your visual skills are impaired, it can make reading a challenging task.
The Importance of Binocular Vision
While dyslexia is often associated with difficulties in decoding words, many of the challenges experienced by individuals with dyslexia can actually be traced back to binocular vision dysfunction. Binocular vision refers to the ability of both eyes to work together as a team to create a single, clear image. When binocular vision is impaired, it can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:
Double vision
Eye strain
Headaches
Difficulty reading
Sensitivity to light
The Role of Vision Therapy
The good news is that many of the visual challenges associated with dyslexia can be addressed through vision therapy. Vision therapy is a specialized form of eye care that involves exercises and activities designed to improve visual function. By strengthening the underlying visual skills, vision therapy can help individuals with dyslexia improve their reading ability and overall quality of life.
Conclusion
Dyslexia is a complex condition that can have a significant impact on a person's life. While it's often associated with difficulties in decoding words, there's more to the story. By understanding the underlying neurological and visual factors that contribute to dyslexia, we can develop more effective interventions and support for individuals who are affected by this condition.
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